10 counterintuitive quotes on learning that will make you a better student

It shouldn't come as a surprise that some of the most successful and impactful investors, scientists, and innovators don't think the way most of us do about learning - and there's a reason.

Most conventional wisdom about learning, studying, and education is either mis-guided or wrong.

Here are 10 quotes that will have you reconsidering everything you thought you knew about school.

1. “I have never let schooling interfere with my education” - Mark Twain

This popular Twain-ism refers to “education” more as your lifelong process of figuring out how to navigate the world. School is a small part of that, and in many ways can interfere with learning: imposing strict boundaries, oversimplifying otherwise interesting and complex topics, and more generally making “education” into regimented work rather than creative discovery.

Action: Think about your coursework in the context of your life's learning arc: how does it fit in and how can you take control and select what you want or need to learn along the way?

2. “The one real object of education is to leave a person in the condition of continually asking questions.” - Bishop Mandell Creighton

The point isn't to get the answer, the point is to develop understanding. Unlike what most formal learning institutions preach, the best way to do that is - you guessed it - to find the right questions to ask. (This is what Socrates knew 2,000+ years ago.) Only then should you pursue an answer. Advertising

Action: Stop thinking, “How do I find the answer?” and start thinking “What questions should I be asking?”

3. “In my whole life, I have known no wise people (over a broad subject matter area) who didn't read all the time - none, zero.” - Charlie Munger

Munger attributes much of his (and Berkshire Hathaway's) investing success to accumulating as many “mental models” as possible in diverse fields, by reading widely and continuously. And like Twain believed, he thoroughly embodies learning as a life-long journey. The classroom is just society's overly-formalized attempt at capturing that process.

Action: Don't limit yourself to what you're learning in class. Read widely and often, and it will pay off across the board.

4. “You cannot teach a man anything; you can only help him discover it in himself.” - Galileo

No one can insert knowledge into your brain, they can only guide and point you in the right direction. In this sense, teachers aren't really “teaching” you anything, they're only there to attempt to facilitate your own self-discovery.

Action: Don't rely on someone else to spoon-feed you the answer and put the knowledge in your head; only you can do that. Side benefit: most teachers actually have no clue what they're doing, so the more you take control of your own learning future, the further ahead you'll jump.

5. “Slow down and remember this: Most things make no difference. Being busy is a form of mental laziness - lazy thinking and indiscriminate action.” - Tim Ferriss

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Your textbook is only important if it gives you insights that help you score well on the test.

Your homework is only important if it solidifies your knowledge.

Highlighting printouts of lecture slides is never important.

So take it from the master of effective learning, and stop fooling yourself into thinking you're being productive, when really you're just filling your time with “studying” because that's what everyone says you should do.

Action: Question what you spend your study time on - and make sure it lines up with what will get you to understand the material and maximize your grade in the course. Hint: past exams and the grading breakdown on the syllabus should be the first place to start.

6. “I'm skeptical of a lot of what falls under the rubric of education… . People are on these tracks. They are getting these credentials and it's very unclear how viable they are in many cases.” - Peter Thiel

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Thiel, famous for funding promising high-schoolers and early college students not to go to college with his Thiel Fellowship program, invites you to step back and think about why you're in school. Despite your parents' insistence, don't get a degree just because you think you like the subject or think you need it to “get a job.”

Action: Consider the usefulness and applicability of your degree program. And, after careful reflection, if it doesn't make sense, don't be afraid to get out or switch to something better. Advertising

7. “Some people will never learn anything for this reason: because they understood everything too soon.” - Alexander Pope

It's uncomfortable to hold an un-answered question in your head for too long, but it's a critical skill for learning.

A typical student will try to grab onto whatever they can grasp early, and then pat themselves on the back and move on.

A smart student will allow themselves to be confused, and work over-time to integrate a new concept with their previous knowledge, eventually developing a much deeper and nuanced understanding of the topic.

Action: When you hear something new, wait 24 hours to form an opinion about it - let it simmer and mix with everything else you know first.

8. “If something makes logical sense, if it's connected to what you already know, you'll rarely have to memorize it… ” - Adam Robinson

By continually building a framework for understanding the material and consolidating your notes, the information becomes cemented in your long-term memory, with the added benefit of being able to handle novel or complex test questions.

How much better does that sound than slogging through a 1,000+ page textbook trying to re-read the same explanation, hoping it sinks in? Advertising

Action: Put away the flash cards, and start making connections to the mental frameworks you already have by practicing active learning and solving problems from scratch.

9. “The shrewd guess, the fertile hypothesis, the courageous leap to a tentative conclusion - these are the most valuable coin of the thinker at work. But in most schools guessing is heavily penalized and is somehow associated with laziness.” - Jerome Seymour Bruner

Guessing is actually a sophisticated art that activates your brain and helps to solidify new information. It provides the initial point for a feedback loop that allows you to see if your final solution makes sense, and adjust your intuition to better fit the answer if your guess was off.

Action: On your next homework assignment, go through and write down a guess for each question before you go through and try to solve it - then check that guess against your final answers.

10. “Study hard what interests you the most in the most undisciplined, irreverent and original manner possible.” - Richard P. Feynman

Photo credit: Tamiko Thiel

If you have passion for something, and make time to focus on it, you'll find it almost effortless to learn it deeply. Learning in your own unique way also personalizes the information, and makes it easier to pull it out of your memory when you really need it.

Action: Ask yourself “what am I most interested in” and write down 10 different ways you could learn about it more deeply.

Featured photo credit: Heisenberg Media via flickr.com